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  Hadoop WebHDFS设置和使用
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  <h1 id="WebHdfs"><a href="#WebHdfs" class="headerlink" title="WebHdfs"></a>WebHdfs</h1><p>Web HDFS是HortonWorks开发的，然后捐给了Apache,是HDFS的REST API。WebHDFS是一个内置HDFS的REST API。 它不需要任何进一步的安装，但提供的文件访问支持较简单，如果集群未做HA,那么是优先选择，其中默认50070是http服务的端口。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>WebHDFS服务内置在HDFS中，不需额外安装、启动。</p>
<h2 id="配置"><a href="#配置" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h2><p>需要在hdfs-site.xml打开WebHDFS开关，此开关默认打开。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;property&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;name&gt;dfs.webhdfs.enabled&lt;&#x2F;name&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;value&gt;true&lt;&#x2F;value&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;&#x2F;property&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="使用"><a href="#使用" class="headerlink" title="使用"></a>使用</h2><p>连接NameNode的50070端口进行文件操作。<br>下面介绍一下常用操作<br>首先设置url和header，需要使用到Python的request库</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">host &#x3D; &#39;http:&#x2F;&#x2F;host:50070&#x2F;webhdfs&#x2F;v1&#39;</span><br><span class="line">headers &#x3D; &#123;&#39;Content-Type&#39;: &#39;application&#x2F;json&#39;&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>在REST API中，前缀/webhdfs/v1插入到路径中(官方规定)，并在结尾处追加查询。因此，相应的HTTP URL具有以下格式<br>http://<HOST>:<HTTP_PORT>/webhdfs/v1/<PATH>?op=…</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="查看文件状态"><a href="#查看文件状态" class="headerlink" title="查看文件状态"></a>查看文件状态</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def status_file():</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.get(host + &#39;&#x2F;mycode?op&#x3D;GETFILESTATUS&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.json())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="查看文件夹描述"><a href="#查看文件夹描述" class="headerlink" title="查看文件夹描述"></a>查看文件夹描述</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def summary_directory():</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.get(host + &#39;&#x2F;result&#x2F;iris.text?op&#x3D;GETCONTENTSUMMARY&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.json())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="列出文件夹下的文件"><a href="#列出文件夹下的文件" class="headerlink" title="列出文件夹下的文件"></a>列出文件夹下的文件</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def list_file():</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.get(host + &#39;&#x2F;result&#x2F;iris.text?op&#x3D;LISTSTATUS&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.json())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="读取hdfs上的文件"><a href="#读取hdfs上的文件" class="headerlink" title="读取hdfs上的文件"></a>读取hdfs上的文件</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def open_read_file(path):</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.get(host + &#39;&#x2F;&#39;+path+&#39;&#x2F;?op&#x3D;OPEN&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r)</span><br><span class="line">    f &#x3D; open(&quot;part_file&quot;, &quot;wb&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">    s &#x3D; &quot;&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size&#x3D;512):</span><br><span class="line">        if chunk:</span><br><span class="line">            f.write(chunk)</span><br><span class="line">            s +&#x3D; str(chunk)</span><br><span class="line">    print(s)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>读取文件的操作WebHdfs是将文件下载下来之后在本地进行查看的</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="创建文件夹"><a href="#创建文件夹" class="headerlink" title="创建文件夹"></a>创建文件夹</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def make_directory():</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.put(host + &#39;&#x2F;test?op&#x3D;MKDIRS&amp;user.name&#x3D;spark&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.json())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>该方法为put方法，注意设置user.name参数，不然会报权限不够的错误</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="删除文件夹或文件"><a href="#删除文件夹或文件" class="headerlink" title="删除文件夹或文件"></a>删除文件夹或文件</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def delete_file_directory(path):</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.delete(host + &#39;&#x2F;&#39;+path+&#39;?op&#x3D;DELETE&amp;user.name&#x3D;spark&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.json())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>此方法为delete方法</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="创建并写入文件"><a href="#创建并写入文件" class="headerlink" title="创建并写入文件"></a>创建并写入文件</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def create_write_file():</span><br><span class="line">    files &#x3D; &#123;&#39;file&#39;: open(&#39;test.txt&#39;, &#39;rb&#39;)&#125;</span><br><span class="line">    r &#x3D; requests.put(host + &#39;&#x2F;filetest3?op&#x3D;CREATE&amp;user.name&#x3D;spark&#39;, headers&#x3D;headers, files&#x3D;files)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.headers[&#39;location&#39;])</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.text)</span><br><span class="line">    print(r.content)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>该方法为put方法，注意设置user.name参数，不然会报权限不够的错误，r.headers[‘location’]返回文件存储在hdfs上的位置</p>
</blockquote>
<p>更多详细操作参见<a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.7.5/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/WebHDFS.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方文档</a></p>
<p>还有另一种方法通过web api访问hdfs，具体怎样使用我还没试，在这里也记录一下，以便日后测试使用</p>
<h1 id="HttpFS-Hadoop-HDFS-over-HTTP"><a href="#HttpFS-Hadoop-HDFS-over-HTTP" class="headerlink" title="HttpFS(Hadoop HDFS over HTTP)"></a>HttpFS(Hadoop HDFS over HTTP)</h1><p>HttpFS是Cloudera开发的，也捐给了Apache。HttpFS是HDFS一个独立的服务，若使用需要手动安装（CDH中安装HDFS时将HttpFS勾选上即可）。提供的文件访问支持较好，如果集群做了HA，那么HttpFS Server将不是它的瓶颈，性能更好！是http服务的优先选择。默认提供服务的端口是14000.</p>
<h2 id="安装-1"><a href="#安装-1" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>Hadoop自带，不需要额外安装。默认服务未启动，需要手工启动。</p>
<h2 id="配置-1"><a href="#配置-1" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h2><p>httpfs-site.xml<br>有配置文件httpfs-site.xml，此配置文件一般保存默认即可，无需修改。</p>
<h2 id="hdfs-site-xml"><a href="#hdfs-site-xml" class="headerlink" title="hdfs-site.xml"></a>hdfs-site.xml</h2><p>需要增加如下配置，其他两个参数名称中的root代表的是启动hdfs服务的OS用户，应以实际的用户名称代替。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;property&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">    &lt;name&gt;hadoop.proxyuser.root.hosts&lt;&#x2F;name&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">    &lt;value&gt;*&lt;&#x2F;value&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;&#x2F;property&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;property&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;name&gt;hadoop.proxyuser.root.groups&lt;&#x2F;name&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">    &lt;value&gt;*&lt;&#x2F;value&gt;  </span><br><span class="line">&lt;&#x2F;property&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="启动"><a href="#启动" class="headerlink" title="启动"></a>启动</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sbin&#x2F;httpfs.sh start</span><br><span class="line">sbin&#x2F;httpfs.sh stop</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>启动后，默认监听14000端口</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="使用-1"><a href="#使用-1" class="headerlink" title="使用"></a>使用</h2><p>详细使用参考<a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.7.5/hadoop-hdfs-httpfs/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">官方文档</a></p>
<h1 id="两者比较"><a href="#两者比较" class="headerlink" title="两者比较"></a>两者比较</h1><p>然两者都是HDFS的REST API，但稍有差异，具体差异为当client请求某文件时，WebHDFS会将其重定向到该资源所在的datanode，而HttpFs相等于一个“网关”，所有的数据先传输到该httpfs server，再由该httpfs server传输到client。</p>
<h1 id="选择"><a href="#选择" class="headerlink" title="选择"></a>选择</h1><p>一般来说两个都可以使用，而且差别不大。但若集群配置了HA，那就最好使用HttpFS了，因为namenode的地址一直在变化，我们是不可能也随时修改脚本里的请求地址的，故在这种情况下直接写HttpFS Server的地址好了。</p>
 
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    headingSelector: 'h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6',
    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer: 'main',
    positionFixedSelector: '.tocbot',
    positionFixedClass: 'is-position-fixed',
    fixedSidebarOffset: 'auto'
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/justifiedGallery@3.7.0/dist/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>

<script src="/dist/main.js"></script>

<!-- ImageViewer -->

<!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script>

<!-- MathJax -->

<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
  MathJax.Hub.Config({
      tex2jax: {
          inlineMath: [ ['$','$'], ["\\(","\\)"]  ],
          processEscapes: true,
          skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre', 'code']
      }
  });

  MathJax.Hub.Queue(function() {
      var all = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(), i;
      for(i=0; i < all.length; i += 1) {
          all[i].SourceElement().parentNode.className += ' has-jax';
      }
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@2.7.6/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<script>
  var ayerConfig = {
    mathjax: true
  }
</script>

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->


<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>


<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->


<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>


<!-- CanvasBackground -->


<script src="/js/dz.js"></script>



    
  </div>
</body>

</html>